Europe is a continent made up of 44 countries, with a diverse range of cultures, languages, and legal systems. It includes both EU and non-EU nations, and its laws around prostitution vary widely depending on each country’s approach to morality, public health, and individual freedoms.
What Countries in Europe Legalize Prostitution?
Countries in Europe where prostitution is legal include EU nations like the Netherlands, Germany, and Belgium. These countries have frameworks in place to protect sex workers, regulate the industry, and reduce the risk of exploitation. For example, in Germany, prostitution has been legal since 2002, and sex workers can pay taxes, access health insurance, and work under regulated conditions. In the Netherlands, the famous Red Light District operates under strict legal guidelines, making it one of the most well-known destinations for legal sex work.
In addition to these countries, there are several others where prostitution is legal but regulated by specific laws to ensure safety and oversight.
Countries in Europe where prostitution is legal and regulated include:
- Austria: Prostitution is legal, but sex workers must register and undergo regular health checks.
- Greece: Sex workers are required to register and work in licensed establishments, with periodic medical examinations.
- Hungary: Prostitution is permitted in designated zones, and sex workers must have health certificates.
- Latvia: Although legal, prostitution is heavily monitored, and only individual sex workers can operate without violating laws.
- Netherlands: Prostitution is legal, but brothels and sex workers require permits to operate within the law.
Countries in Europe where prostitution is legal but unregulated include:
- Belgium
- Bulgaria
- Cyprus
- Czech Republic
Legal and Regulated Prostitution in Europe
Belgium
In 2024, Belgium became the first country to allow sex workers to sign employment contracts. This groundbreaking law grants prostitutes in Belgium access to benefits such as sick days, maternity pay, and pensions. Furthermore, Belgian sex workers have the right to refuse clients and set conditions for any act, giving them greater control and autonomy.
Bulgaria
Prostitution is legal in Bulgaria, but organized prostitution—such as operating brothels or managing prostitution rings—is strictly illegal. This means individuals can work independently without breaking the law, but they cannot collaborate under organized setups.
The Netherlands
In the Netherlands, prostitution is legal, but operating a brothel without a permit is illegal. Sex workers must hold valid permits, and the government strictly prohibits violence and human trafficking within the industry. The Netherlands is known for its proactive approach to regulating prostitution, ensuring safety and transparency for all involved.
Switzerland
Prostitution in Switzerland is legal but closely regulated. Sex workers must register with the Cantonal police and operate within designated areas where street prostitution is permitted. For instance, in cities like Zurich, special zones are created to ensure safety and order. Prostitutes working outside these zones risk fines and legal consequences.
Where Is Prostitution Illegal In Europe?
The countries where prostitution is illegal in Europe are listed below:
- Sweden
- Norway
- Iceland
- Northern Ireland
- France
- Ireland
In these European countries, it is legal to be a prostitute but not to be a John. The client commits a crime in these European countries.